No universal agreement exists regarding the challenges facing education in the 21st century, but they are being partially addressed by reports such as 2018 Higher Education Edition compiled by the US Group NMC Horizon. Christensen’s work encourages us to pay particular attention to the rising tide of disruptive innovators, both as a threat and as a source of inspiration. Luckily, transformative educational experiences are already happening everyday on our campuses. Distinction:  Simultaneously, universities should focus on ways to become more distinctive. An education system that can be tailored to each individual student’s learning needs so that all students can succeed is clearly an ideal worth striving for. More generally, and perhaps most importantly, the academy needs to embrace news ways of imagining and navigating the future. Meanwhile, most of us in the academy are essentially continuing to deliver the same thing, in the same way, as we have for the last 100 years. This is really hard, but we need to rethink our mission and how we do our jobs. AUSTIN, Tex. Just one example: Coursera is worth over a billion dollars. Shawn Benner is the Associate Dean in the College of Innovation and Design and the Director of the Human-Environment Systems Program. Again, the music industry case is instructive: content is now entirely delivered online, yet we are currently in what some are calling a golden age for live music. Just one example: Minerva developed a new online platform that supports a dynamic, active-learning, environment that scales to hundreds of students in a single online class. In every market there is a trajectory of performance improvement that customers can absorb or utilize. A disruptive technology, online learning, is at work in higher education, allowing both for-profit and traditional not-for-profit institutions to rethink the entire traditional higher education model. for education, accreditation, for profits and MOOCs and examining implications for specific markets like faith-based/Christian higher education. The higher education sector is also in the throes of technology-driven disruption, a disruption irreversibly accelerated by Covid-19. Here in Idaho, in-state student enrollment in our three traditional universities has been flat or declining over the last decade, despite increasing rates of high school graduation. However, the reality is that most of those companies are currently “failing-forward.”  Signs of disruptive change are everywhere: new public-private partnerships, new financial models, and high profile college closures. They are using a radically different approach to education (online delivery) that is substantially cheaper. Disruptive Innovation Needed in Higher Education 02/09/2013 12:47 pm ET Updated Apr 11, 2013 “Disruptive Innovation” is a buzz phrase that is running wild through the world of entrepreneurship these days. This is a private, for profit, educational program that offers what is essentially a highly selective (2% acceptance rate) online version of a liberal arts degree and complements that with a series of international travel experiences. This is a part of a 4 course series supported by CHEIA. The main questions are when it will occur and what forces will bring it about. The rapidly rising costs of attending college is promoting considerable debate about the value of a degree. © 2020 All Rights Reserved. Dr. Clayton Christensen, professor at Harvard Business School, addresses the Future of State Universities in Dallas, Texas. In the College of Innovation and Design, we believe that traditional institutions have unique abilities to meet the needs of our students. Here there is significant nonconsumption of higher education. The ideas that Christensen developed strongly influence the College of Innovation and Design  at Boise State, where I work; they provide a sense of urgency to our day-to-day activities. Indeed, as we saw with the early years of Netflix, the “product” the newcomer delivers is generally not very high quality. Rather, it has been to treat the industry's challenges, at their core, as problems of managing innovation effectively. An outsider figures out some innovative way to provide a product or service much more cheaply and often in a radically different way. Mimicry:  The first, and perhaps most urgent, step is universities must quickly expand, and lower the cost of, their online offerings, to provide an immediate alternative to the rapidly growing disruptors. On the inside, these companies may perceive that they are working hard to respond to external threats. However, with completion rates that are often hovering below 50% and average debt loads that exceed $30,000, half of our students are leaving our universities with massive debt and no degree; this is an outcome that should give every educator pause. That has not happened—at least not yet. Physical campuses need to transition from their current primary role of assembly line curriculum delivery, because that element of the educational enterprise will be better and cheaper online. In our academic world, the potential disruptive newcomers come in a variety of forms, but perhaps the most visible are the emerging mega-online universities like Western Governors, Southern New Hampshire and the online corporate versions like Coursera. On the outside, meanwhile, it is hard not to conclude “Game Over.”. Those connections will create a favorable feedback loop that builds career on-ramps for our students. This course provides the latest expertly curated materials on this topic by a university president focused on disruptive innovation who spent years developing them. Should college come with a money-back guarantee? Higher Ed is not immune to challenges from these disruptors and Christensen can help us understand what this phenomenon may mean for the academy. Disruptive Innovation in Christian Higher Education, Andrew Sears, Doctoral Dissertation, 2014, Bakke University There was a 60 times increase in productivity from 1500-2000. But consumers find it valuable, and the outsider quietly grows market share. Disruptive innovation is not something that starts out in a large, mass production style, but more of a small market where it grows and flourishes until the larger market takes notice. When the established companies/organizations finally realize what is happening, their existing cultures and infrastructure hinder the needed pivot, and they are pushed to extinction. Christensen famously, and perhaps prematurely, predicted that disruptive innovation in Higher Ed would result in thousands of universities failing across the country. Some places to start? In contrast, Idaho students enrolled in Western Governors has increased from a handful five years ago to over 2,000 students today. A disruptive innovation has a couple key elements or enablers that are particularly salient to the future of higher education. We should make “going to college” be more like hiring a contractor, Obama’s college accreditation reform: A welcome first step, Lower the risk of investing in college with Income Share Agreements, Rethinking college: Disruptive innovation, not reform, is needed, How information will drive college transformation, MOOCs, college costs, and the future of higher education, New Arizona State-edX MOOC: Another blow to traditional college, How Google and Coursera may upend the traditional college degree, Needed: A Better Measure of College Learning Than “Seat Time”, How Income Share Agreements Could Play a Role in Higher Ed Financing. There will be a debate on how to grow this needed online capacity. The companies and organizations leading these efforts are no-longer boutique outfits. We should be attentive to how institutional structure and culture are inhibiting needed change; often it is the implicit rules and processes that inadvertently stifle new solutions. Based on my experience, I strongly believe that two of the most disruptive executive thought leaders in higher education are Dr. Marni Baker Stein and Phil Komarny at the University of Texas System (UTx) and the Institute for Transformational Learning (ITL). Under the theme of "Disruptive innovation in higher education," Brookings experts explore these and their implications for the sector and for students. Indeed, maybe that elite online university Minerva is a good model; they are building a fully online curriculum and linking it with personalized, transformational, experiences for their students. Quite the contrary, the rapid pace of innovation in education provides incredible opportunities. If a student can access the same degree online from Michigan or Shanghai, perhaps at a lower price point, why should they necessarily choose the local college or university? Students will always crave tactile experiences. It’s worth taking a brief digression to more thoroughly explain disruptive innovation, as this theory provides the basis for understanding the changes occurring in the higher education industry and how best to manage them. We should shed the idea that one size fits all, and should instead imagine how our institutions can provide a suite of educational pathways that bring value. The reality is that no one really knows the formula needed to create the next generation thriving university, but a community and culture of experimentation can help us build that new and exciting future. It will provide the context for the changing nature of doctorate education and provide a case study of a DBA degree that has been a disruptive innovation in an online university. Keywords: Disruptive Innovation, MOOCs, Higher Education, E-learning, Vietnam. Here are some of the most disruptive technologies that are either impacting higher education now or will become more relevant in the near future. Until fairly recently, in many contexts, participation was limited to those with the cultural capital (e.g., knowledge, skills, behaviors, social networks) [ 6] to be admitted and successful [ 3 ]. Instead, the focus should be on creating distinctive and transformative experiences for our students. Odds are against high-end online classes beating traditional education. I've tried to curate the … What is Driving Increasing Cost in Higher Education? Other classic examples are how Kodak camera film was displaced by the arrival of digital photography, and how the record industry was disrupted by streaming music services. Disruptive innovation. Universities have at least … A renewed connection to community will also likely be part of the successful formula. 28. Clayton Christensen, the leading expert on “disruptive innovation,” has written at least two books specifically focused on education. Increasing the synergistic relationship with the surrounding community infuses the design aspirations that underlie Arizona State University’s rise to distinction. higher education policies, and new business models for the traditional universities to cope with future challenges and gain competitive advantages in the global education market. In higher education, because the landscape is so much different from K–12 education, disruptive innovation is playing a … This is the kind of tough decision universities will have to make moving forward. Throughout the book the authors apply Christensen’s acclaimed theory of disruptive innovation to higher education. For the vast majority of universities change is inevitable. This makes learning easier and social. Or take the Minerva Project. Christensen argued that higher education is currently at the stage where outsiders are steadily making the incremental improvements, mostly in niche markets. This increases the value of the alternative product. In higher education, because the landscape is so much different from K–12 education, disruptive innovation is playing a different role. Second, disruptive innovation is the mechanism for bringing about a personalized education system. 1. There are Disruptive Innovators … According to Christensen’s disruptive innovation theory markets are disrupted when new entrants figure out an innovative way to provide a “simpler” product to a wider set of buyers at a more affordable price. His passing offers us an opportunity to reconsider the bind in which American higher education finds itself. Like with the disruptive innovators we mentioned above, the “product” these universities provide may still be perceived as of lesser quality than an in-person, on-campus degree. These online, mega-universities are growing at double digit annual rates and are already some of the largest institutions in the United States. Successful institutions will likely be those that better serve the increasingly diverse educational aspirations of our students. That is a shocking amount of money, but when you learn that Coursera has over 35 million people registered as learners and launched 800 new courses last year alone, it becomes a bit easier to imagine where this value comes from. The first is a technology enabler. Education and innovation consortium NMC’s 2015 Higher Education report points to this trend. -- Clayton Christensen is the father of the theory of "disruptive innovation," which posits that certain kinds of cheaper, usually inferior innovations change an industry not by serving current consumers better, but by greatly broadening the audience willing and able to consume that product or service. Figure 2 illustrates how customers are distributed along different performance trajectories in terms of what they can absorb. This report has not sought to study higher education to reach conclusions about higher education. Although not a magical way to transform higher education, disruptive technology must interrupt our usual policies, practices, and assumptions. 1.Introduction HE institutions and private organizations since its inception in 2011 But even without a … Online learning technology has done a significant job of changing how higher education institutions operate, educate, and innovate over the past few years. Indeed, a core conclusion of Clayton Christenson’s disruption theory is that institutions that address the needs of “niche” student populations (rural, first generation, non-traditional) are developing nimbleness to better meet external challenges. Some folks have used the “failure” of Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs) to rapidly disrupt Higher Ed to discount the threat that innovative “outsiders” pose to higher education. This is an area of change that can be exciting for many faculty and administrators. Administrators, faculty, and staff that can embrace change and experiment with new approaches and ideas will lead the way. Take, for example, the disruption of traditional taxis by ride sharing companies. Should the university build that capacity themselves or should they enter into strategic partnerships with one of the disruptive innovators? While we can debate the cause of the financial stress and low rates of graduation, innovative institutions will find ways to lower the costs and increase success for students, especially for our most economically disadvantaged. In his book The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail, Christensen lays out his most famous idea: real disruption to any industry usually comes from outside the existing sector. We are laser-focused on improving access to Higher Ed for a broad swath of students, making education affordable, and ensuring our students are successful beyond graduation. Disruptive Innovation in Higher Education February 13, 2020 Shawn Benner is the Associate Dean in the College of Innovation and Design and the Director of the Human-Environment Systems Program. From one-on-one mentoring by faculty to laboratory and studio activities, to field camps, community projects and international travel, expanding these educational opportunities will draw more students to our campus and arguably make it a more exciting place to work and study. Community engagement can be a larger component of our student’s education and we should pursue a larger community voice in building our curriculum and degrees of the future. Unfortunately, that type of personalization has historically been too expensive to provide. Prior to joining the College of Innovation and Design, Shawn was a professor in the Department of Geosciences at Boise State. How Disruptive Innovation and Online Education is Remaking Higher Education Thousands of universities around the world use WordPress, including many prestigious American universities such as Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. But we’re also keenly aware that disruptive innovators from outside of Higher Ed are always nipping at our heels. Guidance for the Brookings community and the public on our response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) », Learn more from Brookings scholars about the global response to coronavirus (COVID-19) ». The authors therefore examine the industry through the lenses of the theories that have emerged from research on innovation. Christensen’s ideas about disruptive innovation as applied to higher ed were one of the catalysts that spurred us to write Learning Innovation and the Future of Higher Education. Higher education is considered a sustaining innovation. This paper examines disruptive innovation in higher education and specifically theincorporation of the professional doctorate. There are many interesting examples of this kind of disruption, but one we are all familiar with is the way that Netflix rapidly and radically altered the movie industry. One of the fascinating elements of a disruptive event is how different it is perceived from outside versus inside the disruption. Online Learning. Higher Education has not seen this much productivity increase. Videos, presentations and forums integrate education materials from different sources in different formats. Disruptive Innovation in Christian Higher Education (CHEIA page) Instructional Design for Online and Blended Courses (CHEIA page) Academic Program Development and Accreditation (CHEIA page) Course Links and Description Full Course in Udemy iTunes U YouTube Slideshare Bibliography on Zotero This course provides the latest … The consensus is that getting a degree is still worth it. This document describes a number of global objectives such as, for example: customising education to adapt it to the needs and strengths of each pupil,training professionals who are, at the same time, members … Online learning will become the norm; it will soon be cheaper and more effective than the traditional lecture hall experience. Disruptive Innovations in Higher Education New business models and technologies, transformative policy changes and other developments could lead to radical change in U.S. higher education. Faced with rising costs, declining societal support, uneven enrollments, and rapidly changing workforce needs, higher education—and especially state institutions—are under siege from a variety of quarters. This course provides the latest expertly curated materials on this topic by a university president focused on disruptive innovation who spent years developing them. Course Description. The challenges that taxi companies and their drivers face are daunting: little or no expertise or infrastructure in the digital marketplace, guild and union regulations, city regulatory oversight on pricing and service standards, and, perhaps most importantly, a deep culture of tradition and continuity. Online degree delivery removes the monopoly of “place” long held by higher education. Prior to joining the College of Innovation and Design, Shawn was a professor in the Department of Geosciences at Boise State. From the inside, it can feel like massive effort is being exerted to shift these systems in order to remain competitive, but because most of the effort is not altering the fundamental structure and function, it often adds up to a deck chair exercise. Disruptive innovation is geared towards attacking the norm, creating innovative ways to achieve or surpass current goals by making the desired item more accessible and attainable by the masses. Is business about to disrupt the college accreditation system? Boise State University, liberal arts degree and complements that with a series of international travel, completion rates that are often hovering below 50%. We should start by acknowledging that the academy has work to do. The traditional student who lives in a dorm and graduates with a bachelor’s degree in four years is fast becoming the minority. Harvard Business Professor Clayton Christensen, best known for his work on “disruptive innovation,” passed away on January 23. As a result these platforms are fueling collaboration among Higher Education centers. However, we also believe some degree of reinvention is required. Institutions who do not provide this educational path to students will, to use the business term, “lose market share.” Once an institution begins to experience declining enrollments, financial constraints make constructive change very difficult. Many are capitalized at hundreds of millions of dollars. When we read articles about how taxi companies or the publishing and music industries respond to the disruptions they face, it often appears that their response is slow and completely inadequate; it basically looks like they are rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic. New business models and technologies, transformative policy changes and other developments could lead to radical change in U.S. higher education. FORUM FOR THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION 43 NNOTEBOOKOTEBOOK T he downfall of many successful and seemingly invincible companies has been precipitated by a disruptive innovation—that is, an innovation that makes a complicated and expensive product simpler and cheaper and thereby attracts “Mimicry” and “Distinction.”. The answer is that the local option will provide value and benefits that are not available in the growing online marketplace. With nearly $150 million in start-up funding and around 1,000 students, they are able to make significant investments in developing approaches and technology to raise the quality of the online experience. And lastly, disruptive innovation introduces cost control into the system, so that we can deliver a tutor-like experience for each child at a cost that won’t break the bank. Some customers are high end, very demanding, and willin… Is all lost for those of us inside Higher Ed? 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